7347585-114300Preparing to work in Home Based ChildcareTemplate for Criteria 7.4Describe key milestones in development for children aged birth to 12 yearsPhysical developmentSocial and emotionalCognitiveSpeech, language and communicationAges0-3 monthsNewborn Reflexes such as sucking, rooting, grasping. Gradually develop the ability to hold their head and lift it. Start rolling over (on to side from back Sleeps about 21 hours a dayNeeds to develop a strong bond and attachment through skin contact, listening to carer or parents voices, eye to eye contact, feeding (breastfeeding).Senses the presence of main carer or parentsResponds to main carer or parents voiceWatches main carer or parents faceSwings from contentment to unhappiness very quicklyNewborn to 6 weeks, communicates through crying sounds.Coos to show pleasure, happiness. Moves head in the direction of sound. Cries becomes more expressive. Responds to sounds and familiar voices such as from the mother or father by smiling, moving their arms, babbling and coos.Can become distressed by loud and sudden noises.3-6 monthsStares and explores hands and feet. Kicks and waves armsLearn to lift head and then chest support their body with their forearms and then straight arms while lying on their back. Stays awake for about 8 hours a day.Smiles and shows contentmentEnjoys being held and cuddledHas rapid and sudden mood swingsBecomes more aware of other around them and try to communicate more.Listen and begin to try to imitate sounds they hear.Laugh and squeals with joy6-9 monthsSits with support and might sit without support for shorter periodsPalmar grasp, might try and hold a bottle at 8 months old.Explores objects by placing in their mouthPractices making different soundsDevelop more control of armsRolls from back to stomachFirst tooth might appear, although it varies from children and some child might have their first tooth as early as 3 months old. A child might be born with it as well but it’s rare.May attempt to feed themselves, pick up objects with fingers and thumbs. Might begin to crawl, shuffle or take first steps between 8-12 months old.From 9 months old might also sit without supportBecomes anxious towards strangersFrom 8 months, know the difference between strangers and familiar peopleBecomes interested in their environment and gets easily distracted. In my experience, it was better to breastfeed in a quiet place at this age.Generally friendly, laughs and chucklesLikes and waits for attentionEnjoys playing games, including peak-a-boo.Babbles, makes some vowel sounds, mix consonants and vowels to make sounds. Start to use intonation to copy the sound from their parentsFrom 9 months onwards may be able to follow simple instructions such as wave bye bye. 12 monthsMay begin to crawl, shuffle or take first steps or start to walk.Should be able to feed themselves with finger foodTop Lateral incisor teeth appearShows affection for family people and family membersPlay simple gamesCan become angry when independence is thwarted Mood swings improves and child becomes more curious rather than fearful.Between 6 to 12 months, babies can recognise between 15 to 20 words. And they begin to understand that words stand for people, objects, actions and events.Repeat first words and one word may have several meanings to them.Imitates sounds, such as animal sounds for example. 12 -18 monthsCrawls and shuffles fast or Walks holding on to the furniture or might walk unaided (from 16 months). Can go up-stairs on hands and knees and might go down with adult supervision and supportCan points to a cup and drink from itCan point to objects, place them into containers.Uses hand, eyes and mouth to explore objects from 16 months canine teeth eruptMake scribbles on paperShows jealousy and are emotionally more unstable than children at one year of age. Begin to form two word phrase to communicate, for example: ball goCopy the last part of other people’s sentences.Knows names of some objects, people and instructions such as going up and down. Recognise familiar pictures.2-3 Runs, kick a ball, climbDraws circles and dots, can imitate simple lines.Start showing dominant handStart to show bladder and bowel controlAttempts to dress themselves and might be able to undress, take sucks off, trousers. Can build a tower of 5 or 6 blocks steer wheeled toys. (my little boy is 2 and half and can do it on a flat surface.Can attempt to petal andBecomes a competent user of their home language: start to use plurals and negatives but still struggle with some past tense words and pronouns. For example: such as I drunked it all mummy or referring to he as a she. Can follow simple instructionsAsk a lot of questions: how, why, what, where, who and in my experience, my children tend to repeat the question if they do not understand the answer or if the answer isn’t want they expect.Enjoy learning different words, story books read to them (although my 2 and half years old boy has no patience for books while my nearly 4 years old girl always loved books) and ask for their favourites over and over.3-4Can walk, run, jump, kick a ball, walk on tiptoes, use a trike, scooter, with confidenceWashes and dry hands by themselvesCan use scissors (children ones) with supervisionCan dress and undress with minimal helpMight have full set of milk teeth The questions asked get more complexUnderstand that words can be written down. Currently my daughter has been putting letters together and keep asking me what word she made! She also asks me to spell words for her to write it down.Uses different tenses, past, present and future.Makes up words and jokes and laugh at themselves.4-5Start developing physical skills such as hopping, balancing on a line or low beam, changing direction when running.May cut out shapes when using a scissorSpeaks clearlyIs able to give reasonable answers and follow more complex instructions5-7Forms letters and writes their own names. (These days many kids can write letters and their own name by 3 and half if showed how to, my daughter can).Coordination and eye coordination is much better at this age and they can hit a ball for example with a bat.Have good controlled and evenly spaced hand writingCatches and throw balls with one hand.Can use small construction toys skilfully to make models, such as Lego.Should be able to ride a two wheeled bicycle without a stabiliser. Speaks with confidence and fluencyIs able to define and describe objectsShould be able or learning to read by the age of 5 and be able to read a whole book by the age of 7Can use different forms of language, sentence structureIs able to write and read fluently by 7 7-12Strength, coordination, agility and control increases.Girls may begin to show first signs of puberty such as breasts starting to growBody proportion resembles of adultsLots of energy, good appetite but still needs short rests to keep energy levels upFrom 12 months rapid growth, sexual characteristics develop in both boys and girlsOil-secreting glands may become overactiveSweat is produced in response to stress, emotion or sexual excitement.Can effectively use spoken and written language. Enjoys making up stories and telling jokesWrite stories showing their imaginationStarts logical thinking but have difficulties in understanding abstract and hypothetical concept